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p. 21 In moving stores by rail, box cars are generally used for
the transportation of such supplies as are liable to damage by the
elements; for transportation of pork, salt beef, or bacon open or
platform cars will answer. In loading cars with pork or salt beef the
barrels should be placed on their ends or chimes and as many stowed as
the capacity of the cars will allow. In loading with flour the barrels
are piled in tiers; barrels of sugar, beans, coffee, etc., are loaded in
the same manner as pork. Hard bread in boxes is loaded in tiers,
breaking joints when practicable in order to give stability. Cars being
generally loaded from platforms, skids are used upon which to roll the
barrels into the car. In loading boxes they are passed from hand to hand
until deposited in the car, where they are properly stowed by one or two
laborers skilled in the work; unloading to be done in a similar manner.
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p. 26 In my opinion the best packages are as follows: For
pork or salt beef, barrels containing 200 pounds of meat. Bacon in boxes
20 by 20 by 28 inches, outside measurement, containing 225 pounds each
when to be carried in the field, otherwise in casks. Hard bread in boxes
26 by 17 by 11 inches, outside measurement, containing 50 pounds of
bread. Sugar in barrels containing from 210 to 225 pounds each. Beans in
barrels containing from 200 to 240 pounds each. Coffee in barrels
containing from 130 to 170 pounds each. Green coffee in sacks containing
from 100 to 160 pounds each. Rice in barrels containing about 250 pounds
each. Desiccated potatoes and mixed vegetables in air-tight cans. Whisky
in barrels containing 42 gallons each. Vinegar in kegs containing 15
gallons each, or in barrels containing 42 gallons; the former are
preferable. Soap in boxes 17 by 15 by 12 inches, outside measurement,
containing 80 pounds each. Salt in barrels containing from 260 to 280
pounds each, or in sacks containing from 200 to 250 pounds each. Pepper
in boxes containing 25 pounds ground for use, and packed in papers of 4
ounces each. Potatoes in barrels containing 150 pounds each. Molasses in
kegs containing 12 to 15 gallons each.
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p. 28-29 Capacity of railroad cars and army wagons, in
complete rations, in marching rations, loaded with one article only,
number and kind of packages, and best method of stowing them.
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| The dimensions of an ordinary box car are as follows:
Length 27 feet (inside measurement), width 7 11/12 feet (inside
measurement), height 6 feet (inside measurement). This gives a space of
1,282 1/2 cubic feet. The capacity of this car is from 18,000 to 20,000
pounds. Platform or open cars are usually 26 feet long and 8 feet wide,
capacity from 14,000 to 18,000 pounds. |
| When a box car is loaded with pork or salt beef, 60
barrels, placed on their ends or heads, constitute a load; of flour,
piled in tiers, 100 barrels; hard bread, 360 boxes. About 6,000 rations
(complete) may be loaded in a box car; salt meats to be stowed in the
ends over the trucks, other stores in the center. |
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p. 31-32 Cubic space required for the storage of 1,000
rations, of each article of the ration, in the usual packages.
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| The actual cubic space required for the storage of 1,000
complete rations, consisting of pork, hard bread, beans, coffee (roasted
and ground), sugar, vinegar, candles (adamantine), soap, salt, pepper,
molasses, and fresh potatoes, is 107 1543/1728 cubic feet. |
| Cubic space required for the storage of 1,000 rations, of
each article of the ration, in usual packages is as follows: |
|
| 750 |
|
pounds of pork or salt beef, 3 150/200 barrels, 23
756/1728 cubic feet |
| 1,125 |
|
pounds of flour (18 ounces to ration), 5 145/196
barrels, 31 1509/1728 cubic feet |
| 1,000 |
|
pounds of hard bread, 20 boxed, 56 472/1728 cubic
feet |
| 100 |
|
pounds of rice, 2/5 barrel, 2 864/1728 cubic feet |
| 150 |
|
pounds of beans, 3/4 barrel, 4 1188/1728 cubic
feet |
| 80 |
|
pounds of coffee (roasted and ground), 1/2 barrel,
3 216/1728 cubic feet |
| 100 |
|
pounds of coffee (green) 5/8 barrel, 3 1566/1728
cubic feet |
| 15 |
|
pounds of tea, one-third of a 45-pound chest, 18
1/2 by 18 by 14 inches, 1554/1728 cubic feet |
| 150 |
|
pounds of sugar, 2/3 barrel, 4 288/1728 cubic feet |
| 80 |
|
pounds of vinegar, 10 gallons, 1 582/1728 cubic
feet |
| 12 1/2 |
|
pounds of candles, 614/1728 cubic feet |
| 40 |
|
pounds of soap, 1/2 box, 1402/1728 cubic foot |
| 37 1/2 |
|
pounds of salt, 1344/1728 cubic feet |
| 2 1/2 |
|
pounds of pepper, 1/10 box, 154.1728 cubic foot |
| 300 |
|
pounds of fresh potatoes, 2 barrels, 12 864/1728
cubic feet |
| 32 1/2 |
|
pounds of molasses, 2 1/2 gallons, 575/1728 cubic
feet |
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p.101 *** In transportation by river or railroad the cattle
are usually not more than twenty-four hours on board and will not need
any feed if in proper condition when shipped, and properly taken care of
when delivered. They should be watered en route, and if the trip
consumes more than twenty-four hours, fed. When the army is supplied
over a long line of railway it is better to have depots at convenient
distances, where the animals can be discharged and allowed to rest, and
others forwarded in their place.
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| Box cars will hold comfortably eight to ten animals. Both
doors should be open to admit air, and the opening secured by planks or
joists. Cattle cars carry fourteen to eighteen animals. |
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p. 111-114 Dimensions and capacity of railroad car (box car
as used on military railroads during the war)
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Dimensions (interior measurement): Length, 27 feet 5 inches; breadth, 7
feet 6 inches; height, 6 feet 3 inches; capacity, 20,000 pounds {note
the frequent overloading of the cars in the Gross Weight column}
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|
| Loaded with present packages |
Number of packages |
Gross weight per package |
Net weight per package |
Total pounds net |
Number of rations |
Gross weight |
| Pork |
60 |
340 |
200 |
12,000 |
16,000 |
20,400 |
| Salt beef |
60 |
340 |
200 |
12,000 |
9,600 |
20,400 |
| Bacon |
60 |
350 |
290 |
17,400 |
23,200 |
21,000 |
| Flour |
100 |
217 |
196 |
19,600 |
17,422 |
21,700 |
| Hard bread |
388 |
65 |
50 |
19,400 |
19,400 |
25,220 |
| Beans |
100 |
240 |
223 |
22,300 |
148,666 |
24,000 |
| Rice |
80 |
307 |
280 |
22,400 |
224,000 |
24,560 |
| Hominy |
100 |
221 |
200 |
20,000 |
200,000 |
22,100 |
| Roasted and ground coffee |
112 |
190 |
160 |
17,920 |
224,000 |
21,280 |
| Tea |
*425 |
59 |
46 |
19,500 |
1,300,000 |
25,075 |
| Brown sugar |
80 |
290 |
269 |
21,520 |
143,467 |
23,200 |
| Vinegar |
^100 |
212 |
--- |
&2,200 |
220,000 |
21,200 |
| Adamantine candles |
500 |
47 1/2 |
40 |
20,000 |
1,600,000 |
23,750 |
| Soap |
240 |
92 |
80 |
19,200 |
480,000 |
22,080 |
| Salt |
70 |
300 |
280 |
19,600 |
522,666 |
21,000 |
| Pepper |
800 |
32 |
25 |
20,000 |
8,000,000 |
25,600 |
|
|
* Half chests ^ Kegs & Gallons
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Stowed as Follows
|
| Pork and beef -- On chimes; 15 long, 4 wide, covering the entire
floor of the car |
| Bacon -- In tiers across the car; 3 wide, 2 high, 24 in each end,
12 between the doors on chimes; total 60 |
| Flour -- In tiers across the car; 4 wide, 3 high, 48 in each end,
4 between the doors; total 100 |
| Hard bread -- Boxes on the edge, end of box to end of car; 8 on
the floor, 4 high, 32 in tier, 5 tiers in each end (320); in space
between the doors, 5 on edge ends toward door, or side of car, 4 high in
3 tiers (60); leaving room for 8 boxes, 6 on end, 3 wide, 2 high, side
toward door, and 2 on edge side toward door, breaking joints; total 388
boxes |
| Beans -- Same as flour, 100 barrels |
| Rice -- In tiers across car, on bilge; 4 wide, 2 high, 4 tiers in
each end, 16 between doors on chimes; total 80 barrels |
| Roasted and ground coffee -- In tiers across, on bilge; 4 wide, 3
high, 4 tiers in each end, 16 between doors on chimes; total 112 barrels |
| Brown sugar -- Same as rice, 80 barrels |
| Tea, half chests -- In tiers across; 5 wide, 5 high, 17 tiers;
total 425 half chests |
| Vinegar kegs -- 72 on chimes covering the floor (15,264 pounds
gross weight) |
| Salt in barrels -- In tiers across; 4 wide, 2 high, 4 tiers in
each end, 6 between doors on chimes; total 70 barrels |
| Pepper -- In tiers across, 800 boxes |
| For the articles of candles and soap, the space is more
than sufficient for the weight that the cars should carry. Although the
capacity is given at 20,000 pounds, the weights in the foregoing table
have been constantly carried on the City Point Railroad. |
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Box car loaded with complete rations -- Pork, etc.
|
| Articles |
Number of packages |
Net weight, Pounds |
Number of rations |
| Pork |
30 |
6,000 |
8,000 |
| Hard bread |
160 |
8,000 |
8,000 |
| Beans |
4 |
892 |
5,946 |
| Rice |
1 |
280 |
2,800 |
| Roasted and ground coffee |
4 |
640 |
8,000 |
| Brown sugar |
5 |
1,350 |
9,000 |
| Vinegar |
4 (kegs) |
88 |
8,800 |
| Adamantine candles |
3 (boxes) |
120 |
9,600 |
| Soap |
4 (boxes) |
320 |
8,000 |
| Salt |
1 (bbl.) |
280 |
7,467 |
| Pepper |
1 (box) |
25 |
10,000 |
| Gross weight |
|
25,767 |
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Stowed as Follows
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Hard bread piled as described for car loaded with that
article alone, just filling one end of car; total 160 boxes. Pork in
tiers across, 8 in a tier, 3 complete tiers, and 6 barrels in another; 2
barrels of beans complete the tier. The remaining 2 barrels of beans, 1
of rice, 4 of coffee, 5 of sugar, and 1 of salt -- 13 barrels, and 4
kegs of vinegar, between the doors. Candles, soap, and pepper on pork.
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Box car loaded with complete rations -- Bacon
|
| Articles |
Number of packages |
Net weight, Pounds |
Number of rations |
| Bacon |
24 |
6,960 |
9,280 |
| Hard bread |
180 |
9,000 |
9,000 |
| Beans |
4 |
892 |
5,946 |
| Rice |
1 |
280 |
2,800 |
| Roasted and ground coffee |
5 |
800 |
10,000 |
| Brown sugar |
5 |
1,350 |
9,000 |
| Vinegar |
4 (kegs) |
88 |
8,800 |
| Adamantine candles |
3 (boxes) |
120 |
9,600 |
| Soap |
4 (boxes) |
320 |
8,000 |
| Salt |
1 (bbl.) |
280 |
7,467 |
| Pepper |
1 (box) |
25 |
10,000 |
| Gross weight |
|
25,457 |
|
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Stowed as Follows
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Bacon in tiers across, 8 in a tier, 3 tiers
|
|
Hard bread, 160 boxes in one end of car. Rice, coffee,
sugar, and salt, 12 barrels in one tier next to bacon, leaving the space
between the doors for 20 boxes of bread, and the beans, vinegar, soap,
candles, and pepper
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Box car loaded with marching rations
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(Three-fourth pound hard bread, 3/4 pound bacon or smoked beef, full
rations of sugar and coffee, half ration of salt.)
|
| Articles |
Number of packages |
Net weight, pounds |
Number of rations |
Gross weight, pounds |
| Bacon |
32 |
9,280 |
12,373 |
11,200 |
| Hard bread |
182 |
9,100 |
12,133 |
11,830 |
| Roaster and ground coffee |
6 |
960 |
12,000 |
1,140 |
| Brown sugar |
7 |
1,890 |
12,600 |
2,030 |
| Salt |
1 |
280 |
7,363 |
221 |
| Total |
|
|
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26,421 |
|
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Stowed as Follows
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Bacon in tiers across, 8 in a tier, 4 tiers. Hard bread,
160 boxes in one end of car, and 22 on bacon. Fourteen barrels coffee,
sugar, and salt, on chimes between doors. It is difficult with present
barrels to stow in rail cars and prevent breakage. If stowed on the
bilge, the packages are crushed; if on the chimes, the heads fall in.
The packages should be stronger.
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{The same details about shipping and stowage in
army wagons is also available in this book.}
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