AR, R&D 10/1/1862 S

Annual Report of the Richmond & Danville RR
as of October 1, 1862,
Superintendent's Report
 
Superintendent's Report
 
Superintendent's Office R. & D. R. R.
Richmond, December 6th, 1862
 
Lewis E. Harvie, Esq.
President
 
Sir,
   I submit the following report of the operations of the road for the fiscal year ending September 30th, 1862:
Earnings of the Road for the Year
Local passengers $220,109.79
Through     " 61,136.89 281,246.18
Outward local freight 37,570.85
       "    connection  " 6,951.36
Inward local           " 71,174.81
       "   connection   " 10,526.25
Intermediate local   " 12,523.48
        "  connection   " 13,493.95
Coal 22,390.76
Belle Isle 1,309.94 175,941.40
Express 21,471.40
Confederate States Mail 13,845.70
Total $492,504.97
Confederate States Transportation
Passengers 117,696.63
Freight 108,356.49 226,053.12
718,558.09
Earnings of Telegraph line 5,871.91
Total Earnings $724,430.00
Expenditures
Accounts registered from 1st Oct., 1861 to 30th September, 1862 $351,687.37
Add accounts registered subsequent to September 30th, 1862 5,191.79
Deduct accounts chargeable to fiscal year ending September 30th, 1861 3,767.71 1,424.08
$353,111.45
Deduct inventory October 1st, 1862 74,445.53
Add inventory October 1st, 1861 56,557.85 17,887.68
$335,223.77
Deduct cost of storehouse built for Piedmont RR 600.00
Deduct for work done for Confederate States 2,827.02
Deduct for sales of scrap iron, &c. 8,992.24
      "      "   rent of cars 8,089.25
      "      "   amount paid Southern Telegraph Company for through messages 217.67 20,726.18
$314,497.59
Salaries 8,466.59
Taxes, insurance, &c. 3,869.66
$326,833.84
Add for decrease in rolling stock 14,400.00
Working expenses for the year 341,233.84
     Nett earnings $383,196.16
Working expenses 47 13-100 per cent. of gross receipts.
Nett earnings 52 87-100 per cent. of the gross receipts
Expenditures for the Year
Salaries $8,466.59
Taxes, insurance, &c. 3,869.66

Maintenance of Roadway and Real Estate

Repairs of road 87,428.95
Repairs of bridges and culverts 1,995.42
Repairs of depots, water stations and buildings 17,727.30 107,151.67

Repairs of Machinery

Shop expenses 7,729.03
Repairs of engines 11,832.88
Repairs of passenger, mail and baggage cars 5,868.40
Repairs of freight cars 7,263.53 32,693.84

Operating

Oil and tallow 9,666.89
Cotton waste 909.33
Wood 21,741.48
Train expenses, including pay of conductors, baggage masters, engineers, firemen, brakesmen and watchmen 41,851.79
Depot expenses, including pay of depot agents, and their hands and stationery, and other supplies for depots 52,320.12
Advertising 506.48
Office expenses 7,690.50
Stock killed 443.25
Lost and damaged freight 1,568.35
Telegraph expenses 4,943.25
Coalfield incline plane 1,912.67
Miscellaneous expenses 1,842.47 145,396.58

New Buildings

Engine house at Danville 8,378.36
New machine shop at Danville 2,898.59
New station house at Powhatan 1,179.02 12,455.97

New Bridges and Culverts

Completing trestle bridge, Staunton river 424.05

New Passenger, Mail and Baggage Cars

Completing new passenger car 1,529.62

New Machinery for Shops

One 11-inch 22 horse-power engine 2,800.00
One 40-inch bellows 50.50
One drill press and one iron planer 700.00
One lathe 825.00
One wood planing machine 800.00
One 20-inch fan 150.00 5,325.50

Depot Improvements

Paving in depot at Danville 161.20
     "      "      "     " Richmond 65.10
Completing turn table at Clover 50.00
         "           "       "    "  Keysville 149.50
Turn table, culvert, &c. in North-side depot 1,266.70 1,692.50
Relaying track 7,097.19
Completing telegraph line 730.67 29,255.50
$326,833.84

Decrease in Rolling Stock

10 box cars 12,000.00
1 snow plough 800.00
1 iron coal car 1,000.00
2 gravel cars 600.00 14,400.00
Total $341,233.84
   By comparison of this year's report with that for the fiscal year ending September 30th, 1861, it will be seen that there has been an increase of $276,970.07, or 62 per cent. in the gross receipts, and increase of $101,366.59, or about 42 per cent. in the expenses.
   In this year's report I have included in working expenses the whole expenditure for the fiscal year, and have not deducted the disbursements for new buildings, depot improvements and new machinery. To make, therefore, a proper comparison of the working of the road for the past year with that of previous years, the sum of $33,125.16 should be deducted from the working expenses, as given above, and the increase then becomes only $68,241.20, or 28 per cent. -- and the ratio to gross earnings 42.53, instead of 47.13 per cent.
   Owing to the small capital of our railroad companies, it has been customary for them, having in view the speedy opening of their roads, to husband their means by the use of temporary structures, with the intention of putting up permanent structures as soon as as sufficient sum has been realized from the nett earnings. It thus happens that for several years after the opening of a road there is a heavy annual expenditure, which is very properly chargeable to construction, as it is in reality an outlay that should have been made before opening the road, and would have been but for the want of means. There must, however, be a time when this annual outlay for improvements ceases to be legitimately placed in the construction account, and becomes a part of the annual expenses of working, for as there is no limit to the improvements that can be made in a railroad, by the erection of new structures and extension of existing ones, the construction account would never be closed, and the road consequently never considered to be completed.
   In preparing the report for the fiscal year ending September 30th, 1860, the year, during the greater portion of which my predecessor, Mr. A. Worrall, was Superintendent of the road, I adopted the plan that had prevailed for several years previous, and made a very liberal estimate of construction items, which were deducted from the expenditures in determining the working expenses. In my last report I adopted a different course, to which I called attention at the time, and reduced the charge for construction to such items of expenditure only as I thought were not properly included in working expenses. This year I have gone still further, and have charged all expenditures to working expenses, not reporting any as chargeable to construction, and I have done this upon the ground that these annual disbursements for improvements are offsetted by an annual depreciation, of which no account is take -- and further, that as it is an annual outlay, which is as certain to occur as the ordinary outlay for working the road, that a correct exhibit requires that it shall be included as a part of the working expenses, and deducted from gross earnings, in ascertaining the nett earnings of the road.
   I would call attention to the fact, that I have this year added to working expenses the sum of $14,400, which I estimate to be necessary to replace the cars lost by fire and accident during the year. This sum I consider sufficient to place our rolling stock in as good order as it was at the beginning of the year, as by using old material, the cost of rebuilding these cars will be less than that of building new ones.
   The details of gross receipts and a comparison with last year's business are given in Tables B and C.

Roadway and Bridges

   There has not been much change in the condition of the track during the past year. The iron rail has of course deteriorated to an extent equivalent to the amount of use to which it has been subjected during the year, and the rails of that portion of the road which have been in use eight or ten years are laminating rapidly, and until they are replaced with new iron it will be impossible to have a smooth road. By removing from the sidings and branch tracks such bars of heavy rail as were in good condition material has been obtained to take the place of those bars in the main track that were most worn and battered, and in this way the heavy rail track between Powhite creek and Appomattox river has been kept in about the same condition that it was last year. Iron sufficient to lay about 1 1/4 miles of track, has been thus transferred from the sidings to the main line during the year.
   The iron of the flat bar track east of Amelia Court House is wearing out very rapidly, and it is difficult to procure the bars required for repairs.
   The flat bar between Junction and Staunton river is in the same condition that it was last year, with the exception that the occurrence of broken bars is perhaps more frequent than formerly. The sidings will for some time yet supply, by substitution, the iron necessary for repairs on this portion of the road, and the broken iron answers as well on the sidings as the long bars.
   The heavy rail west of Staunton river, though probably subjected to more use during the past year than during any two years previous, does not as yet show any symptoms of wearing out, and is apparently in as good order as it was at the beginning of the year.
   The usual quantities of sills and stringers have been used during the year in repairing the track, of the former a sufficient number to lay 23 miles of track, or about 17 per cent. of the entire length of the road, and of the latter a sufficient length for 8 miles of track, or 20 per cent. of the length of the flat bar track. The sills remain in the road until rendered unfit for service from decay, but the stringers generally mash or split before they decay, and their renewal is therefore much more frequent; sometimes they remain in the road but a few days before they become so damaged that they have to be removed. Of the 4,113 pieces of string timber taken out of the road during the year, only 803 were decayed -- the rest were either mashed, broken or split -- the greater number, namely: 2,654 having been mashed. This will show how important it is to the safety of the road that there should be an abundant supply of string timber of the best quality, and explain why it was that at times during the past year it was with great difficulty that our track could be kept in safe order, owing to the great scarcity of timber.
   At the close of the fiscal year there were 99 3/4 miles of heavy rail, and 40 3/4 miles of flat bar track on the main line of the road -- 3/4 of a mile of flat bar having been replaced with heavy rail during the year. Part of the iron with which the 3/4 of a mile was laid, was received in payment for flat bar sold to the rolling mills, and the rest of it was obtained from the sidings by substituting flat bar for it.
   The entire length of flat bar now between Richmond and the Junction is four miles, and this short piece of track is more difficult to keep in order than any other part of the road, as almost the entire tonnage and travel of the road passes over it. It has been laid more than a year longer than the flat bar west of Junction, and has been subjected each year to at least double the amount of wear. As before stated, the iron is nearly worn out, and this makes the destruction of the wooden superstructure much more rapid, while the constant passing of trains increases in a great degree the difficulty of making the proper repairs. While the repairs of the heavy rail track, immediately above and below it, has required for the last year nothing more than keeping open the ditches, and surfacing the road bed, this four miles of flat bar has required 1 1/2 miles of stringers, and a large number of sills to keep it in a safe condition, and scarcely a day passes without two or more stringers being put in to replace those that are mashed or broken. I have been thus particular in describing the condition of this piece of road, in the hope that when the facts are known in regard to it, some plans may be suggested by which heavy iron enough can be obtained to relay it.
   The flat bar, west of Junction, can be kept in a safe condition for some years yet, although the increase of transportation over it, which will ensue upon the completion of the connection with the North Carolina Railroad, will produce a more rapid deterioration.
   I have already stated that the iron of the heavy rail track west of Staunton river is in excellent order. I would further state, that three-fifths of this portion of the road, or 30 miles, has been laid with new sills in the last three years, 13 miles of sills having been put in last year, and that I consider the track now in every respect in better condition than it has been before, since the resilling commenced. The new sills are much superior to those first put in, and will last much longer.
   It will be seen from the foregoing statement, that although the condition of the track has changed but little during the year, and is such that the road can be worked with safety at the moderate speeds which have been adopted, that there is about 22 miles of heavy rail which is very much worn, and 4 miles of flat rail requiring entire renewal, or substitution with heavy rail. As soon therefore as the condition of affairs renders it possible, it will be necessary to purchase a supply of iron for the repairs of the one, and the entire substitution of the other.
   The total length of sidings is now 16 5/8 miles, an increase of 5/8 of a mile in length during the year. Unused sidings have been taken up, and existing sidings have been extended. No new sidings have been laid, except at Rockfield Station, and in Manchester and Richmond yards.
   The bridges and culverts are in good order, and have had all necessary repairing during the year at a cost of $1,995.42. A strong wind last spring blew off the tin from a portion of the roofs of the bridges over the Dan and Staunton rivers, and as yet the roof of the former bridge only has been repaired.
   The cost of repairs of roadway is given in detail in Table marked C. It will be seen that there has been an increase in cost of $9,986.94.
   Including in cost of repairs of roadway the cost of relaying track, an expense that properly belongs to it, the cost of repairs per mile run is 32 cents.

Depots and Bridges

   The buildings of the Company are in good order.
   In Table E is given a detailed statement of the cost of repairing and improving the shops, and the freight and station houses during the year. The total expenditures under this head being $17,727.30.
   In the expenditure under this head for this year is included the cost of the temporary buildings which were erected in Manchester and at North-side, when the shops in Manchester were given up to be used as hospital for the wounded; also, some portion of the expense incident to the moving of the machinery, and the entire cost of refitting the Manchester shops up to the date of closing the report.
   The passenger house in Richmond has been somewhat improved during the year by the erection of a more convenient ticket office, and the extension of the platforms.
   A new brick passenger house has been in use at Powhatan for several months; the building, however, is not completed, as it is intended to move the old station house and unite it with the new one, to furnish additional room.
   The station house at Chula has been added to, and outhouses built during the year, with a view to furnishing accommodation for the agent and his family. The entire building and platform have been thoroughly repaired.   
   The freight house at Barksdale's has been underpinned and shingled during the year; the gravel roof has been in bad order for a long time, and could not be repaired, and a new covering was indispensable.
   There has been a great deal of work done during the year in extending and repairing platforms, and adding to and repairing station and section houses, which though important, and in many cases indispensable, need not be given in detail.
   A new brick engine house, capable of holding six engines, has been built at North-side, and is now nearly completed. The cost thus far has been $8,378.36.
   In this connection I deem it well to call attention to the inadequacy of the present arrangement for transferring passengers and freight at the Junction. When the present building was put up, though inconvenient, it was found to answer the purpose, as the business was light. Now, however, the travel has increased, until the convenience of the traveling public demands that some better arrangement be made. The freight and passenger business should, I think, be transacted in separate buildings.

Machine, Carpenter and Smith Shops

   The shops in Manchester were abandoned in the month of May last, a short time before the battles around Richmond, as it was deemed prudent to remove to a place of safety the machinery which was indispensable to the working of the road, and might in case of a reverse, be lost to us without the possibility of replacing it. The machinery and materials were removed to North-side, and placed in temporary buildings where for several months all the machine work of the road was carried out. 
   Since the close of the fiscal year part of the machinery has been moved back, and the Manchester shops are again in use, but the shops at North-side are retained, and a brick building is in process of erection, in which it is intended to place the machinery permanently. To supply both shops, it has been necessary to purchase additional tools, the cost of which, including the stationery engine for North-side shops, is $5,325.50.
   In moving back into the Manchester shops, it was necessary to purchase some new materials, the cost of which is included in shop expenses.

Motive Power

   There has been no increase in the stock of locomotives during the year.
   The engine Planet, which has been found too light to be of any service, and has rarely been used, has been put up in the Manchester carpenter shop to drive the machinery, and her name is therefore dropped from the list of engines.
   The engine Chesterfield was completed early in the fiscal year, but on her second trip, the building in which she was standing at Junction caught fire and burnt down, and she was so much injured that she did not leave the shop the second time until the 20th day of March.
   The engine Danville is in very nearly the condition she was at the beginning of the year, as the force of mechanics has been so small that is was hardly sufficient to keep in repair the engines which were in constant use.
   The mileage, and cost of repairs and maintenance of engines, will be found in Table marked G, and shows an increase of $21,979.18 in the total cost, and an increase of 5.41 cents in cost per mile run.

Rolling Stock

   The inventory taken October 1st, 1862, shows the Company's stock of cars to be as follows:
12 first class passenger cars
8 second class cars
4 mail and baggage cars
4 conductor's cars
3 express cars
1 wreck car
180 eight-wheel box cars
1 powder car
41 eight-wheel flat cars
27 four-wheel stone cars
10 material cars (eight-wheel flats)
13 four-wheel wooden coal cars
2 four-wheel sand cars
54 six-wheel iron coal cars
15 four-wheel gravel cars
8 eight-wheel boarding cars
1 four-wheel boarding car
   By comparing this list with that given last year, it will be seen that the first class coach, which has been in process of construction in the shops of the Company for nearly two years, has been completed, and is in use; that one of the mail and baggage cars has been changed into a second class car; that a box car has been fitted up as express car, and that ten box cars, one iron coal car and one flat, are missing. The snow plow, which was a flat car, fitted up as a plough, has been altered, so as to be again used in transportation. Of the box cars reported missing, one while loaded with cotton caught fire and burnt up; another was burnt on the South-side road; two others were so broken by an accident that nothing but the iron work was saved; another accident threw two others off the track, and in getting them on the track again they had to be taken to pieces; the remaining four were unfit for service, and were pulled to pieces in the repair shop of the Company. 
   By reference to my statement of working expenses, it will be seen that I have added to the actual expenditures the sum of $14,400, which expense I estimate will be necessary to put the rolling stock in the condition it was at the beginning of the fiscal year.
   In Table H is given in detail the cost of repairs and maintenance of cars during the year. The total cost of repairs of cars for this year is $17,900.56, and increase of $8,788.93, as compared with the last fiscal year; but it will be seen by reference to the table, that this year I have included the item of shop expenses, which was omitted last year. During the year our cars have run 238,547 miles on connecting roads, for which service we have received $8,089.25. The cars of the South-side road have run 71,248 miles on our road, and we have paid $2,159.70 for their use. The difference between these amounts, viz: $5,929.55, I have credited to car repairs.
   The moving our shops, by depriving us of the use of the machinery for several months, added greatly to the cost of keeping our rolling stock in order -- directly, by virtue of the greater expense of hand work, and indirectly, because the want of the shops at a time when the business of the road was heaviest, made it impossible to keep our cars in order, and the accidents arising from the condition of the cars, by the damage they caused, swelled the cost of repairs. The accidents to the trains which have occurred, were I think in every case caused by the condition of the cars, which were in such constant use for several months during the summer, that no time was allowed to work on them. As, however, every accident occurred on the flat bar track, it would seem that the defects in the cars, which were the result of too constant use, were not such as would produce accidents on the smoother and firmer joints of the heavy rail.

Telegraph

   The receipts from the telegraph line, and the expense of working it, are given in detail, in Tables marked (R) and (S).
The gross earnings for the year are $5,871.81
And the expenses 4,943.25
The nett earnings, therefore, are $928.06
Or 15.8 per cent. of the gross earnings
   The total cost of the line is $7,692.59. The nett earnings, therefore, for the year are 12.07 per cent. of the original cost. The working of the telegraph line from the completion is as follows:
Earnings for 1860-1 $1,436.85
            "       1861-2 5,871.91
Total earnings $7,308.76
Expenses for 1860-1 $2,180.17
            "        1861-2 4,943.25 7,123.42
Excess earnings $185.34
   It is proper to call attention to the fact, that almost the entire pay business of the line consists of messages to and from Danville. This therefore is the only office, the expenses of which can legitimately be charged against the pay business; the other offices are intended principally for the business of the road, and have but little pay business. In this view the expenses of the line would be reduced to about $1,000 -- and the nett earnings this year would be more than half the original cost of the line.
   The stock of telegraph instruments has been increased during the year, and there is now a telegraph office at every regular station. The total number of offices open at present is eighteen.

Passenger Business

Local passengers going West 43,656
    "            "        coming East 41,632 85,288
Through passengers going West 11,415
       "              "        coming East 17,490 28,905
Government passengers going West 55,079
           "                "        coming East 38,884 93,963
Furlough passengers going West 8,860
        "             "        coming East 9,245 18,105
     Total 226,261
1860 and '61 1861 and '62 Increase in 1861 and '62
Local passengers 48,959 103,393 54,434
Through     " 19,637 28,905 9,268
Government passengers 34,680 93,963 59,283
103,276 226,261 122,985
Total mileage of local passengers 4,773,230
    "         "      of through passengers 1,567,067
    "         "      of Government passengers 5,126,131
    "         "      of furlough              " 1,355,728
12,822,156
Average number of miles travelled by local passengers 55.96
       "            "                         "            through     " 54.21
       "            "                         "            Government passengers 54.54
       "            "                         "            furlough              " 74.88
       "            "                         "            all                       " 56.66
Receipts from local passengers $220,109.79
       "         "   through      " 61,136.39
       "         "   Government passengers 102,522.63
       "         "             "      train for sick 15,174.00
     Total receipts for passengers $398,942.81
Average receipts for carrying one local passenger one mile 2.59 cents
Average receipts for carrying one through passenger one mile 3.90         
Average receipts for carrying one Government passenger one mile 2.00         
Average receipts for carrying one passenger one mile 2.99         
   The number of passengers carried is more than double this year what it was last, and the increase in receipts is $207,695.59. The average receipt per passenger is $1.69, a very slight reduction as compared with the previous year, when the receipt per passenger was $1.70.
   The average receipts per mile for local passengers is less than it was last year, but this is to be attributed to the large number of furlough tickets sold, as the rates of charges for local travel remained unchanged until just before the close of the year.
   The average receipts per mile for through passengers is much higher this year than last, the rates having been increased to the same as the local rates; as there were no half rate through tickets, the average receipts per mile for through passengers is higher than that for local.
   The average receipts per mile this year for all travel is less than it was last, owing to the Government or half rate travel having increased in a greater proportion than the local.
   For several months a train was run between Richmond and Danville to carry the sick to and from the hospitals. The compensation for this train was at the rate of $2 per mile run, and no account was kept of the number of persons carried. The total mileage of this train was 7,587 miles, and the receipts were $15,174. Supposing the average number of miles travelled, and the rate of charge to be the same as for other Government travel, this sum is equivalent to the transportation of 13,910 persons, and will increase the total travel to 240,171, and the Government travel to 107,873. The total mileage will be 13,580,856, and the average receipt per passenger per mile 2.93.
   In Tables marked J, K, L, M and N, will be found reports of the travel to and from each Station during the year.
1860-1 1861-2 Increase
Mileage for the year 223,162 313,267 90,105
Receipts per mile run $2.00 50-100 $2.31 25-100 $0.30 75-100
Expenses per mile run $1.07 48-100 $1.08 92-100 0.01 44-100
Receipts per mile of road $3,184 76-100 $5,156 08-100 1,971 32-100
Expenses per mile of road $1,707 24-100 $2,428 71-100 721 47-100
Increase in mileage as compared with last year 40 3-10 per cent.
       "      in receipts as         "          "      "     " 61 9-10 per cent.
       "      in working expenses as compared with last year 42 2-10 per cent.

Tonnage

The tonnage report for the year gives the following results:
Local tonnage outward 5,495.58
    "          "      inward 13,318.40
Connection tonnage outward 2,405.83
          "             "     inward 3,725.36
Intermediate tonnage local 4,051.11
             "           "      connection 2,734.45
Belle Isle tonnage 2,062.70
Coal              " 29,146.66
Confederate tonnage outward 5,505.95
           "             "      inward 6,656.81
Connection tonnage outward 2,955.57
           "             "    inward 5,927.51
Company's tonnage 722.24
Confederate tonnage, log and stone train 9,645.00
94,353.17
Number of Tons Carried One Mile
Outward local freight 570.548.44
Inward       "         " 1,163,388.86
Outward connection freight 129,915.03
Inward           "              " 201,169.69
Intermediate local         " 246,527.60
          "        connection freight 188,033.22
Belle Isle freight 4,125.42
Coal 373,543.12
Outward Confederate freight 698,369.88
Inward             "              " 640,544.11
Outward connection freight 159,601.26
Inward             "           " 320,085.56
Confederate log and stone train 45,502.00
4,741,354.19
Average distance of transport of all freight 50.29 miles
      "             "                  "               outward local freight    103.81 miles
      "             "                  "               inward      "         " 87.35 miles
      "             "                  "               Confederate         " 60.73 miles
Receipts per ton mile for all freight 6.74 cents
      "         "     "     "     "     "  outward local freight 6.58 cents
      "         "     "     "     "     "  inward      "        " 6.11 cents
      "         "     "     "     "     "  outward connection freight 5.35 cents
      "         "     "     "     "     "  inward            "            " 5.23 cents
      "         "     "     "     "     "  Belle Isle                      " 15.96 cents
      "         "     "     "     "     "  Coal                              " 5.98 cents
      "         "     "     "     "     "  Confederate                  " 5.81 cents

1860-1

1861-2

Number of passengers per mile of road 735.66 1610.40
Tons of freight hauled 552.75 671.55
Average number of tons of freight per train 38.05 29.68
Average number of cars per freight train 10 8
All of which is most respectfully submitted by
Your obedient servant
Chas. G. Talcott
Superintendent

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