AR, N&P 3/31/1861 P

Annual Report of the Norfolk & Petersburg RR
as of March 31, 1861,
President's Report
 
Report of the President and Directors
 
Norfolk, April 11th, 1861
 
To the Stockholders of the Norfolk & Petersburg Railroad Company:
Gentlemen,
   In obedience to a requirement of your By-laws, we submit to you in this place an account of the operations of the road for the fiscal year ending the 31st ultimo. Regarding perspicuity as of the first importance, we shall make this exposition with reference to the several co-ordinate departments constituting the executive organization thereof.
Treasury Department
   At the commencement of the fiscal year to which this report refers, the floating debt of the road, estimated then at something less, was however subsequently found to range in the neighborhood of $255,000.
   The immediate pecuniary resources of the Company at that date were, in Norfolk city scrip $8,360; in the railroad company's 1 m. 8 per cent. bonds $117,000; and in the State appropriation which had then been authorized, but yet to be received, $300,000; -- in all, rating everything as cash, $425,000.
   Very much the larger share of the indebtedness of the road, to which reference is here made, was due to individuals whose indulgence had already been enjoyed beyond any further accommodation, without a compromise of their interest more than could reasonably have been demanded. One of the first objects, therefore, which claimed the prompt attention of the Directory, was the raising of means from these resources whereby to satisfy this part of our indebtedness. The previous condition of the Company's credit had rendered, at this time, any resort to our bonds for this purpose inadmissible.
   Under these circumstances, we became at once dependant upon the State appropriation of $300,000; and at the first meeting of the Board of Public Works, application was duly made for a sufficiency of that sum to meet these more urgent demands upon the Company.
   These requisitions upon the Board of Public Works, with a respectful deference to their views and convenience, were from time to time repeated, until the whole appropriation was absorbed. This sum, however, has been received in State bonds, and not in money -- not as a matter of choice with us, or of option with the Board of Public Works.
   The act of appropriation contemplated payment in ordinary currency, but provides, as in other like cases, that the means for this purpose shall be raised by (loan) sale of State bonds, while the organic law of the Commonwealth forbids the sale of these securities at less than their par value -- a rate which we all remember they have not commanded since the winter of '54. Therefore, it will be seen, in as much as the means of payment could not be raised by the Board of Public Works as thus prescribed, this Company, as others who were recipients of like appropriations, had to become in point of fact, first the purchaser of State bonds to the extent of its demands upon the State. IN this wise the means of payment were legitimately created, and the Board of Public Works enabled to satisfy our demands.
   The manner of realizing funds from this means of our resources, as most expedient for the interest of the Company, and for the protection of the better credit of the Commonwealth, became at once an important measure of consideration cotemporaneous with the object to which I have already adverted, as the first claiming the attention of the Directory.
   At this time, the market price of State bonds ranged from 90 to 92, with every prospect, in the opinion of the Directory, of a steady appreciation in value. Money was everywhere abundant, ant the banks were discounting freely. The country was full of prosperity, and yet hopeful of a more brilliant future. The storm which has now contracted the currency of the country, which has paralized every species of trade and of industry, and depressed the value of all descriptions of property, was not in that day visible to eye.
   The Company, in its application to the General Assembly for relief, had carefully considered to solicit the least possible amount adequate for the immediate exigencies of her condition, and therefore could not afford without incurring the risk of future embarrassment, to make the material sacrifices which would even then have attended a pressure of so large an amount of State securities upon the market; besides, such a course on the part of your Directory would have been manifestly inconsiderate of the credit of the Commonwealth, and forgetful of the spirit and measures of aid and relief received at her hands.
   In this view of the subject, it was determined to avoid, as far as practicable, the sale of those bonds below an average of 95, and to this end, to raise by loans based upon these securities the requisite means for the immediate purposes of the Company. In pursuit of this policy, by which it was anticipated we should not only be enabled to regulate the sale of our State bonds, and in this way realize a material saving in the transaction, our indebtedness soon became, as it is now, almost wholly confined to the banks of Norfolk.
   For the fiscal year just closed, it stands as follows:
Due banks in Norfolk $106,041.82
Due M. and M. Bank, of Portsmouth 9,840.00
Due on account of individuals 3,565.63
Due on account of arrearages of interest to the city of Norfolk 627.50
Due arrearages of interest to the State on loan of $300,000 52,500.00
Due arrearages of interest to the State on guaranteed stock 9,900.00
Due on open bills on account of the current expenses of the road 5,000.00
In the aggregate         $187,474.95
   Of this sum, the present floating debt of the road, about $39,000 is chargeable on account of transactions for the past year, $29,000 being for current interest on State loan and dividends upon guaranteed stock, not in fact enumerated in our last year’s exhibit of outstanding obligations. The curtail, therefore, which has actually been made in the indebtedness of the Company as we found it at the beginning of the past fiscal year, may be stated at $106,000.
   The resources of the road applicable to its present “Floating Debt” of $187,474.95, are as follows:
1. In Virginia State bonds deposited as collateral for bank debts $140,000.00
2. In Virginia State bonds in hands of Treasurer 33,000.00
3. In Norfolk city scrip, deposited on account of bank debts 7,130.00
4. In the company’s 1 m. 8 per cent. bonds, likewise deposited 11,500.00
5. In the Company’s 1 m. 8 per cent. bonds in hands of Treasurer 95,000.00
6. In mail pay now due 2,037.50
7. Cash and due bills 5,212.82
In all, treating every thing as cash  $302,880.32
   In other times than these, in which the whole country has been brought to suffer, and has yet to contend with the disastrous consequences of an “irrepressible conflict,” one item alone of the resources at our command would be found quite sufficient to satisfy the existing debts of the Company, leaving other means ample for the provision of all further objects of construction and equipment, now important in the more thorough completion of the road. We mean that of State bonds, of which we have in all $182,000; while our whole indebtedness, including arrearages of interest to the Commonwealth and open bills on account of current expenses, is as above stated, $187,474.95.
   If constrained to convert this species of our resources into money, under the extraordinary influences which now depress their value, the loss will be serious to the Company, and the risk of future pecuniary embarrassment unnecessarily imposed. There can be, however, no well founded expediency, as we believe, in the requirement of this policy by those of our creditors who have the power to enforce it. Almost the entire sum of our indebtedness is owing to the banks and the Commonwealth; the insignificant share due all other parties amounts to but $9,193.13, for which our cash resources are sufficient.
   The interest of the Commonwealth is unquestionably opposed to the sacrifice which would follow any sale of her bonds at this time, or while the wide-spread distress which now prevails continues. She owns 15 of 23 parts of the whole work; and while an opposite policy would bring into her treasury the best part perhaps of her account against this Company, injury would be done to her credit, and direct loss upon the payment itself sustained, as a discount in fact, to the extent of 15-23 of the whole sacrifice made in the transaction. In connection with this part of our indebtedness, it is proper to remark, that its settlement was proffered in State bonds, the same species of payment in which we were obliged, as hereinbefore explained, to receive our State appropriation; but it was very properly declined by the Second Auditor for the want of authority merely to receive such dues to the Commonwealth in that way. Payment in money is the only means he is allowed to recognize in such cases, without special authority from the “General Assembly.”
   This was solicited at the late session of the Legislature, but too late in the progress of its business to receive final action.
   The better interest of all other owners in the road, the city of Norfolk being the main one of the remaining 8-23 parts thereof, would likewise materially compromitted in such diminution of the Company’s resources as would e thus sustained; the same amounting in reality to so much new debt against the whole work, and the interest of every shareholder and creditor thereof.
   The banks of the State are public institutions, established not alone for the enrichment of its stockholders, but mainly for the accommodation and protection of her people. The State is a large owner in these institutions, and in those of our vicinity our people are likewise interested; these two communities, and the latter vitally, are interested in all that concerns the welfare and success of our road. Much the larger portion of our indebtedness is due the banks of our place; in round figures$105,000, on account of which $137,000 of State bonds are held. A continuance of the loan, even unto the maturity of the bonds, if necessary, would not, as we can see, work any loss, risk or inconvenience to the banks, while all the evils to which we have adverted as measurably consequent upon a sale of these securities, under the influence of discredit and depression of every species of trade, of industry, and of property like those which now hover over the land, would be avoided.
   The amount of the accommodation is really limited compared with the magnitude of the interests to which it is extended, and surely would not inconvenience, constrain or embarrass the most munificent expansion of their circulation.
   The accruing interest upon the bonds, of the regular payment of which no reasonable fears can be entertained, will be adequate to meet the like demands in the current renewals of the debt. These securities are now adequate to cancel the whole sum, even at the low rates within which they range in the market. They may yet be lower, but if not within a reasonable period sensibly higher, they cannot ultimately fail in more than ample satisfaction of the obligation.
   The retirement of our whole indebtedness has been, as it is now, a matter of earnest solicitude and anxiety on the part of the Directory; but we would feel to have been censurably derelict of the trust confided to our hands were we to sympathize with any other policy than that which ha been indicated. We feel that this is no time to precipitate the sale of securities wherein there is a blending of interest, and which in the end, let come what may, cannot fail to satisfy every claim for which they are now pledged, and especially when it is clear that neither the interest nor convenience of the creditor precludes indulgence.
   The statement of the treasurer marked 1, is herewith attached.
2. Auditor’s Department
   Here all the receipts and expenses of the Company, on account of the legitimate operations of the road, are properly classified and audited.
   The results of this office are to be found in tabular statements 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. The first indicating the earnings of the road; the second its expenses; the third its comparative receipts and expenses for the fiscal years ’59-’60, and ’60-’61; the fourth an abstract of earnings by different units of comparison; the fifth and sixth, its passenger and tonnage transportation respectively; seventh, the classification of tonnage; and the eighth all further expenditures on account of construction.
The earnings of the road have been $96,621.74
and the expenses 62,906.88
leaving a balance of $33,714.86
on the year’s operation, which will be found equal to something over 12 per cent. upon last year’s work.
The increase of gross earnings for the year is $12,185.54
and the increase of current expenses is 10,417.11
showing a clear gain in nett receipts of $1,768.43
   The fiscal obligations of the Company outside of its current expenses are on account
1. Of mortgage bonds held by individuals $200,000, at 8 per cent. $16,000
2. Of State loan of $300,000, at 7 per cent. 21,000
3. Of guaranteed stock held by city of Norfolk 55,000
By State of Virginia 82,500
$137,500 at 6 per cent. 8,205
   In all $45,250
from which it appears that the nett revenue of the road has not yet quite reached a sufficiency to cover all of its natural and financial demands. An explanation, however, of this bare inadequacy of nett earnings for all the necessary purposes of the Company is to be found in the year’s operations by reference to the tables already enumerated, which fully sustains our former estimates in this regard.
   Upon careful consideration of these interesting statements, it will be seen that had the ratio of increase in monthly revenue continued throughout the “fiscal year.” As it had up to the 1st of October steadily grown, the result would have been a surplus beyond all current expenses of management and of permanent debt; but while this interference with our interest is chargeable to the political convulsions which then began to invade the country, and which have in the meantime more or less prostrated every species of trade and of industry, we cannot forebear to contemplate for a moment the magnificent field of future usefulness and of infinite prosperity which the propitious occasion presents to our view.
   The mere perpetuity of our road had ceased to be any longer problematical. The great line of its connections had become one of the important trunk routes of trade, as between the Southwest and the North Atlantic cities, and its won pecuniary fortunes were now mainly involved in a successful competition for this business. The issue, in fact, had been reduced to one of management simply on the part of our route, possessing, as it incontrovertibly does, natural advantages superior to any other in the country, contending for the same trade. But the higher destiny of our road, the very conception of the South Side system, lies beyond a mere transit business from Northern cities. In the commercial development of Norfolk, its usefulness and its own better fortunes are more deeply concerned. The advantages which now operate to divert the trade of the great West over this route to Northern cities for foreign exchange, cannot, we are confident, fail to inaugurate successfully at Norfolk a full system of “direct trade” on account of the South and Southwest, whenever and not until the commercial vassalage under which her development and the prosperity of the country lying upon the legitimate trade line of her capacious harbor have been so long constrained by the power of Northern capital and the influence of “Federal favor” shall have been subjugated and driven from our midst. Free from these influences, Norfolk with her superior and attractive advantages for the conduct of direct trade, with her railroads, canals and rivers penetrating the fertile area of the American continent, which produces the great staples of our exchange trade, domestic a well as foreign, would at once begin to realize and to reflect the beneficent influences of the commercial expansion which has been so long the hope of her friends, and to which she is by nature and by art so justly entitled.
3. Road Department
      It is a matter of much regret that we cannot report any material progress in the further ballasting of the road, satisfied as we are of the great economy, comfort and increased safety which the employment of this material ensures. Our operations in this direction have been suspended in part on account of accidents to our motive power, rendering this arm of the service barely adequate to the current business of the road.
   The track, however, and the roadway generally, has been maintained throughout the year in very fair order, and even though without any material additions of ballast, and yet under an increase mileage of trains at less expense than for the previous twelve months – a result which bears practical testimony to the value and wisdom of “thorough construction.”
   The expenses of this department for the year have been, all told, $14,654.28, as per Table 10. This cost of maintenance of way is equal to $172.40 per mile of track, including Ys and sidings, and to 19 71-100 cents per mile runoff revenue trains, as set forth in detail in Table 11.
4. Machinery Department
   Our motive power, which has always been limited for the business of the road, had at the commencement of the year already gone through much severe duty in connection with the construction and opening of the work, without receiving that attention and repairs which are observed in regular service. On this account it was for the most part then requiring special attention and considerable repairs.
   In the meantime there has been three accidents upon the road, to which reference will be more fully made in another part of this report, by which extraordinary expenses under this head have been imposed.
   Under these circumstances, the expenses of the department have been heavier for the past than they were for the previous year; for although there has been in the aggregate, including material trains less mileage over the road, this, the measure of computation, has been more than counterbalanced by the increase in the mileage of revenue trains; the latter being more expensive than the former grade of service.
   The expenses for the fiscal year have been, as will be found, fully set forth in Table 12, $11,766.56, which as shown in Table13, is equal to 15 82-100 cents per mile run of revenue trains.
   The quantity, description and condition of the motive power and rolling stock on the road are presented in Table 14.
5. Transportation Department
   The activity of this department during the year has been very much greater than would seem to be due to the enlarged business of the road, owing to great irregularity and a want of ordinary equilibrium in daily currents of trade, and especially in the movement of through tonnage, which will be found manifest from an examination of the table of tonnage transportation marked 7; on this account mainly an increase in the expense of this department for the year has been incurred, although we find such increase to bear, as near as may be, an arithmetical ratio to the increased business of the road. The amount is $25,105.20, as shown in Table 15, which sum is equal to 33 75-100 cents per mile run of all revenue trains, as furnished in detail in Table 16. The performance of motive power is set forth in Table 17.
   The amount of through cotton which has passed over the road during the season, a statement of which will be found in Table 18, may be very fairly regarded as positive evidence of the growing disposition of the great Southwestern trade towards our route. The quantity which we will obtain of this trade is to be measured alone by the proper conduct and energy of the line. In connection with this division of our report, it is proper to remark that the Adams Express Company renewed in October last their contract with this Company, but upon such modified terms as we had demanded.
6. Telegraph Department
   The efficiency and importance of this adjunct in the management of the road has been very fully established, and the wisdom of this Company in refusing to barter this part of its franchise has been more than vindicated by the experience of other companies who pursued the opposite policy.
   The line is generally in fair order, but now begins to require considerable renewal of poles and insulators.
   Upon the investment it continues to afford a satisfactory revenue.
7. Construction Department
   The progress made under this head, in the more thorough completion and equipment of the road, has not been such during the year as we would have desired, and as was anticipated at the date of your last meeting. Our operations have been materially restricted by cause altogether beyond our control; in part on account of the accidents in the meantime occurring to our motive power, which is but fairly adequate to road duty and the present business of the line when in vigorous condition; but advance in this direction has been mainly constrained by reason of the difficulties heretofore recited, which were encountered at an early day in the negotiation of our pecuniary means. When we consider these draw backs, much important work however has been performed.
   At the “Black Water,” the permanent bridge, yet incomplete at the beginning of the late fiscal year, was speedily finished. The character and magnitude of this work has been fully described in previous reports. The service which it has now rendered furnishes additional evidence in behalf of the eminent economy and safety of such structures. The extraordinary expenses, the frequent interruptions in the movement of trains, and the invariable liability to more serious consequences which attended the trestle bridged, superseded by the construction of this work, have all been avoided.
   In the further elimination of the temporary works of this description, eleven stone culverts of appropriate dimensions have been constructed, and for the most part filled over, it being observed to remove first those pieces of trestle work which were found to require more than ordinary repairs. Besides this, the foundation of a small bridge at the “Burnt Mills,” and of an important culvert near Ivor, have been added.
   There remains to be done, upon the entire line, of this character of work, some forty jobs, none of which, however, are works of any magnitude, either as respects difficulties or cost of execution. The stone for a large number of these is already upon the ground, and it is designed to prosecute their construction as the convenience and pecuniary ability of the Company will allow, observing particularly to avoid the expenditure of any extraordinary repairs upon the temporary structures thus to be superseded. At Windsor, a station house well adapted to the business of that place has been put up and the bulk of the materials are now in hand, already framed for the erection of a similar building at Wakefield. The interest of the Company, and the convenience of the community trading through this station, have for some time alike demanded the construction of this house; but under the influence of the circumstances herein before indicated, which have depreciated the business and other pecuniary resources of the road, restricting our expenditures to such objects as could not well be deferred, its completion has been delayed.
   At the time of your last meeting, the steady increase of business upon the road, and the prospect of rapid development, especially in the line of “through trade,” had already begun to require material additions to our rolling stock. In pursuit of the policy then announced in reference to the further supply of these works, the construction of the necessary freight cars then demanded under the circumstances of our business, was commenced.
   The bodies and truck frames of 22 box cars have been in the mean while completed, and three of the number, in fact, have been mounted, and for some time in service. The remaining 19 thus ready for the wheels have not been mounted, because the business of the road under the depressed condition of things has not actually required them, nor justified the outlay necessary to mount them.
   All this work has been executed in our own shops of domestic materials and home labor, with a result in respect to character an cost in the highest degree satisfactory and commendatory of the policy. The cars constructed have cost us twenty per cent. less than the market price for such denomination of rolling stock, and in our estimation are in all respects, as to materials and workmanship, worth 100 per cent. more.
   Besides this work, a second class coach conveniently arranged for the accommodation of smokers, mail, baggage, and an ordinary amount of express freight, has been added, which enables us now to make a regular shift in the movement of our passenger trains. Thus economy, safety and cleanliness are all promoted, and the misfortunes of any accident or pressure of travel are provided for. This car was constructed at the Union Car Works, Portsmouth, Virginia, because our won facilities were not adequate to the job.
   Statement 19 furnishes all desirable information in respect to the locality, character, dimensions and cost of the masonry work, which has been performed during the year.
8. Remarks
   We regret to have to report the occurrence of three accidents, and on casualty during the year. The latter was the case of a fireman – a free boy – who, while oiling his engine when in motion, had his foot caught in one of the glide frames and seriously mangled, from the effects of which he died in a few days.
   Two of the accidents were the result of intolerable negligence on the part of the parties immediately implicated, and of considerable loss to the Company. The most trivial of the three occurred to the freight train on one of its western bound trips, in October. From some cause or other, not perceptible or definitely ascertained, supposed, however, to have been occasioned by the breaking of a pedestal, several cars of the train were thrown from the track, and more or less injured; but in the aggregate, of little consequence or loss, comparatively.
   At the Summit cut, near Petersburg, where all the track is curvilinear, a collision took place in June between the regular freight and a special train, which the Yard Master of the Petersburg Station had wantonly run out upon the road for the purpose of testing merely the new boxes of a passenger coach. This officer very well knew, as it was his special business to know, as he was at the moment considerately warned by one of the employees under his direction, that his own movements were directly invasive of the freight train schedule, and would likely lead to the result which followed; but regardless of the axiomatic rule, “in all matters of doubt, take the side of safety and of the least risk,” he persisted in the exercise of his own will and reckless indiscretion.
   The more serious for its consequences, however, was the accident which happened in February at the South Branch draw bridge, wherein an engine and two flats were precipitated into the river, causing, very strange to say, little or no injury to the bridge and flat cars; and although considerable damage to the engine and s tender, yet the injury to these were found to be much less than might reasonably have been expected, in an accident capable of the most disastrous results.
   In this, as in the collision, there was a manifest want of consideration for the Company’s property, and a reckless inattention to the regulations of the road in the highest degree reprehensible.
   The rule of the Company in reference to its draw bridges, requires that the draws shall be kept open at night, so as to avoid any possible hindrance to navigation, and purposely to disabuse the mind of those in charge of trains of the idea of perpetual safety at those places of imminent danger, which the opposite policy would generally beget; but in these regulations it is plainly conditioned, that all trains in approaching a draw bridge at night shall come to a full stop within five hundred feet of the draw, and no attempt shall be made to pass the bridge until the draw tender is heard to say all right! pass on! Besides this, the enginemen are required to give frequent notice of the approach of their trains, beginning as far off as three miles from the bridge, so as to allow the draw tender ample time to put his draw in readiness for the train, and avoid thereby any unnecessary delay.
   The engineman it seems, in the case of this accident, observed the draw tender’s light as he was making his post to close the draw, and concluded that it was a signal of the readiness of the draw to pass his train; and thus under the exercise of his discretion, and that too in direct conflict with the law requiring him to bring his train to a full stop, this unfortunate accident was perpetrated. At the same time there is no point of apology for the engineman in this matter; the inactivity and carelessness of the draw tender on the occasion is more than manifest. With a proper degree of energy on his part the draw might easily have been closed, or, with the exercise of ordinary discretion, the train which was proceeding slowly, might have been arrested in time to have avoided the disaster.
   In the face of regulations, as explicit and imperative as those which have been indicated – regulations purposely conceived with a view to absolute safety, and only requiring observance to insure it, the road was made the victim of an outrage, for which there was to be found no redress beyond the mere discharge of those who have thus wantonly taxed its treasury and reproached its management.
   The character and circumstances of these accidents add important testimony to the vast accumulation of evidence which has been derived from like sources – in support of the necessity of such legislation upon the subject – as will allow in al these cases of negligence, incompetency and violation of rules legal investigation, and impose upon the guilty parties commensurate with the nature and degree of their criminality. Now the only remedy in defence of life and property is the mere authority of removal, which serves as a restraint of but little moment to others, and seldom affects either the fortunes or reputation of the offender. His explanation of the offence, which at best is soon forgotten, is readily accepted by the public generally, and he as readily obtains employment elsewhere as though he had had no connection therewith.
   At several time during the past five years, and especially of late, considerable interest has been manifested by the people of the North Carolina counties bordering upon the Albemarle and its more immediate tributaries for the construction of a road from some point in that country, to connect with a branch of our road, leaving the main line at or near Suffolk.
   In anticipation of the more substantial development of the feeling in this matter, at an early day, the necessary authority to carry out the project was obtained at the hands of the late “General Assembly.” A copy of the act is herewith communicated, and its acceptance advised.
   The importance of this proposed connection from our knowledge of the resources of the country which it would drain, cannot be too highly estimated or earnestly invited.
   In our annual reports to the Board of Public Works, required by law, the fiscal year is made to terminate on the 30th September. The convenience and propriety of confirming our fiscal year to that observed by the Commonwealth, cannot, we apprehend, fail to command your approval. Besides, the time now intervening the close of the year, as know to your By-laws and the day of your meeting, is wholly insufficient for such preparation of statistics and report as for your consideration ought to be made. We would therefore advise that the fiscal year of the Company be hereafter made to terminate on the 30th day of September, and that your annual meeting be held in the month of November, on such a day as your Directory may from time to time find most convenient to designate.
  Your committee of examination have made their inspection of the works and management of its affairs, and to their report we would invite your attention.
   A statement of the names, duties and compensation of persons employed in the service of the Company, marked 20, is herewith attached.
   All which in behalf of the Directory is respectfully submitted.
William Mahone
President

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